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CO2 nieuws

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NET Power Breaks Ground on Demonstration Plant

NET Power, LLC, today announced that it has broken ground on a first-of-a-kind power plant that will validate a new natural gas power system that produces low-cost electricity with zero atmospheric emissions, including carbon dioxide. NET Power is a collaboration between Exelon Generation, CB&I, and 8 Rivers Capital. The 50-megawatt demonstration plant is being built in La Porte, Texas.

The plant will demonstrate NET Power's Allam Cycle technology, which uses carbon dioxide as a working fluid to drive a combustion turbine, eliminates all atmospheric emissions without requiring expensive, efficiency-reducing carbon capture equipment, and ultimately produces pipeline-quality CO2 that can be sequestered or used in various industrial processes, including enhanced oil recovery.

"NET Power is the first technology that allows policy and economics to work together, instead of against each other, to ensure the world meets our climate targets," said NET Power's CEO, Bill Brown. "Today marks a significant step for our world-class team, including Exelon, CB&I, 8 Rivers and Toshiba, towards delivering a technology that will be the cornerstone of a modern global energy infrastructure that is clean, affordable and flexible."

Executives from each of the companies gathered on the site to mark the start of construction of the demonstration plant. The $140 million program - which not only includes demonstration plant design and construction, but also ongoing technology advancement, a full testing and operations program, and commercial product development - is funded by a combination of cash and in-kind contributions from Exelon and CB&I. Toshiba has developed and is now manufacturing a new supercritical CO2 turbine and combustor for the project. CB&I is performing the engineering, procurement, and construction of the plant. Exelon is providing operations, maintenance, and development services. 8 Rivers invented and continues to advance the technology behind the project.

NET Power uses a novel process – an oxy-fuel, supercritical CO2 power cycle – to produce electricity efficiently while inherently eliminating all air emissions. The system burns natural gas with oxygen, as opposed to air, and uses high-pressure carbon dioxide, as opposed to inefficient steam like most power plants, to drive a turbine. NET Power produces only electricity, liquid water and pipeline-ready CO2, all while operating as efficiently as the best natural gas power plants available today. Additionally, for a small reduction in efficiency, the technology can operate without water, actually becoming a net water producer. For the first time, cleaner energy does not mean more expensive energy, and, as a result, our global climate goals are within reach.

NET Power's 50MWth plant will be a fully operational unit that will generate power to the grid while demonstrating all key aspects of the Allam Cycle. Commissioning is expected to begin in late 2016 and be completed in 2017. The plant will also provide the validation to begin constructing the first 295MWe, commercial-scale NET Power plants. NET Power is already engaged with customers across several industries on the design and development of these projects.
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Groei van hernieuwbare energie doet CO2-emissies energiesector wereldwijd stagneren

UTRECHT –De groei van hernieuwbare energie heeft er voor het tweede achtereenvolgende jaar voor gezorgd dat de CO2-emissies van de energiesector wereldwijd ongeveer gelijk bleven.

Dit schrijft het Internationaal Energieagentschap (IEA) woensdag in een nieuw rapport, waarin voorlopige cijfers staan over de energie-gerelateerde CO2-uitstoot, de grootste bron van broeikasgassen.

In 2015 werd ongeveer 32,1 miljard ton CO2 uitgestoten, ongeveer hetzelfde cijfer als in 2013. Opvallend is dat de wereldeconomie wel bleef groeien, in 2015 met ongeveer 3 procent. Critici stellen vaak dat hernieuwbare energie en economische groei niet te verenigen zijn.

Loskoppeling economische groei

“De nieuwe cijfers bevestigen het onverwachte, maar welkome nieuws van vorig jaar: We zien voor het tweede jaar op rij een loskoppeling van de emissies van broeikasgassen en economische groei”, aldus Fatih Birol, directeur van het IEA.

“Nog maar een paar maanden na de historische COP21-overeenkomst in Parijs, is dit opnieuw een stimulans voor de wereldwijde strijd tegen klimaatverandering.”

Windenergie

Vooral de toename van windenergie in de energiemix lijkt ervoor te zorgen dat er minder broeikasgassen worden uitgestoten door energiecentrales. Ongeveer de helft van alle nieuwe opwekcapaciteit voor de elektriciteitssector was windenergie.

Lees ook: Recordgroei windenergie in Nederland, doelstelling wind voor de helft gehaald

De IEA hamert op het feit dat er in de 40 jaar dat het agentschap de cijfers bijhoudt, het nog maar 4 periodes zijn geweest dat CO2-emissies niet toenamen, waarbij 2014 en 2015 als 1 periode worden geteld. 3 van deze momenten, begin jaren 80, 1992 en 2009 worden in verband gebracht met economische crises.

groenecourant.nl/algemeen/groei-herni...
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Van CO2 kan je weer brandstof maken!

Met behulp van licht, warmte en hoge druk laten onderzoekers uit Texas zien hoe je CO2 kan omzetten in koolwaterstof voor brandstof. Dit zou de basis vormen voor een duurzaam productieproces.

www.heise.de/tr/artikel/Der-Treibstof...

Supplemental information: www.pnas.org/content/suppl/2016/02/17...

Hiermee kunnen jullie aan de slag, of niet soms?
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VVD: koppel kolencentrales aan CO2-opslag in Noordzee (Video)

UTRECHT – Het is zonde om de laatste kolencentrales te sluiten, vooral als CO2-afvang mogelijk is en de vervuilende stoffen worden opgeslagen onder de Noordzee.

Dit zei VVD-Tweede Kamerlid Remco Dijkstra afgelopen week tijdens het Nationale Debat Duurzame Energie in Leiderdorp.

Als CO2-opslag mogelijk is, “wat is er dan nog op tegen om die kolencentrales open te houden? Zeker omdat het de modernste zijn”, aldus het Kamerlid.

GroenLinks en Greenpeace zitten hier niet op te wachten.

Bekijk de video bovenaan dit artikel

Foto: Wutsje / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0

groenecourant.nl/algemeen/vvd-koppel-...
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Schotland haalt emissiereductie 6 jaar eerder dan verwacht

UTRECHT – Schotland heeft de emissiedoelstelling om de uitstoot van broeikasgassen te verlagen met 42 procent 6 jaar eerder dan verwacht gehaald.

Uit nieuwe statistieken blijkt dat Schotland al in 2014 ten opzichte van 1990 de emissies met 45,8 procent heeft weten te verlagen, zo melden Britse media.

De doelstellingen zijn om in 2020 de uitstoot van broeikasgassen met 42 procent te verlagen en in 2050 met 80 procent in vergelijking met 1990.

De Schotse minister voor Klimaatverandering, Roseanna Cunningham, sprak van “uitstekende vooruitgang” en bevestigde dat de overheid een meer ambitieuzere doelstelling gaat zetten voor 2020.

Milieuactivisten benadrukten dat het sluiten van zware industrie en de warme winters voor een meevaller hebben gezorgd. De overheid zou hiermee geluk gehad.

groenecourant.nl/algemeen/schotland-h...
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Industrie: bijna geen uitstoot meer in 2050

De energie-intensieve industrie in Nederland heeft een plan opgesteld om de eigen uitstoot van koolstofdioxide (CO2) in 2050 met 80 tot 85 procent te hebben teruggebracht. Bedrijven als Tata Steel, Heineken, Dow, AkzoNobel en KPN denken dat dit met een reeks maatregelen mogelijk is. Maar om de doelstelling te halen is het ook nodig dat de overheid bepaalde wet en regelgeving bijstelt, zeggen ze.

Redactie 16-06-16, 20:23 Laatste update: 20:28 Bron: ANP

De voorstellen zijn donderdag gepresenteerd op een congres van VEMW, een kenniscentrum en belangenbehartiger van de industrie. In Nederland zijn grootgebruikers als raffinaderijen, de chemiesector, de metallurgische industrie en de papierindustrie goed voor een kwart van het totale energiegebruik.

,,De afgelopen twee decennia is hun CO2-uitstoot al met circa 20 procent teruggebracht. Maar het tempo moet omhoog'', zegt VEMW-directeur Hans Grünfeld. Voor nog eens 60 procent aan CO2-reductie is volgens hem een ,,trendbreuk'' nodig, vandaar dat de sector met het plan komt. Daarmee wordt ook gehoor gegeven aan de lange termijn ambities van de overheid zelf, aldus Grünfeld.

De opstellers willen hun uitstoot onder meer verminderen door restwarmte beter te benutten en CO2 af te vangen en te hergebruiken of op te slaan in lege gasvelden.

Langetermijntoezeggingen
In het plan draait het overigens wel vooral om langetermijntoezeggingen die grote investeringen vergen. Er is niet gekeken naar de manier waarop de doelstellingen van het in 2013 gesloten Energieakkoord in de praktijk kunnen worden gebracht. Dat is iets wat bedrijven en branches afzonderlijk moeten doen, verklaart Grünfeld.

Vorige maand werd duidelijk dat bijvoorbeeld de zware industrie nog met plannen moet komen om bepaalde afspraken uit dat akkoord voor de komende paar jaar na te komen.

www.ad.nl/nieuws/industrie-bijna-geen...
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‘Energiezuinige woning zonder gasaansluiting moet nieuwe norm zijn’

UTRECHT – Energiezuinige nieuwbouwwoningen zonder aansluiting op het gasnet zouden de nieuwe norm moeten worden.

Dit zegt netbeheerder Stedin dat samen met de gemeente Utrecht ervoor pleit om de wettelijke gasaansluitplicht voor nieuwbouw af te schaffen.

De Utrechtse nieuwbouwwijk Haarrijn biedt hiervoor een mooie kans vindt Stedin. De gemeente Utrecht onderzoekt wat haalbare alternatieven zijn voor aardgas en of het mogelijk is deze wijk zonder gasleidingen aan te leggen.

100 miljoen euro

Jaarlijks steken netbeheerders nu nog zo’n 100 miljoen euro in de aansluitingen op het gasnet van nieuwbouwwoningen. Maar als alle woningen in 2050 CO2-neutraal moeten zijn, worden deze investeringen niet meer terugverdiend.

“We moeten van het recht op een gasaansluiting naar het recht op comfort’’, zegt David Peters, directeur Strategie en Innovatie van Stedin.

“Wie CO2-neutraal wil zijn, moet afscheid nemen van aardgas in de gebouwde omgeving. Het is zonde van het geld om nieuwe woningen nog aan te sluiten op het gasnet, terwijl er betaalbare alternatieven zijn.”

groenecourant.nl/algemeen/energiezuin...
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voda schreef op 15 juli 2016 16:31:

Jaarlijks steken netbeheerders nu nog zo’n 100 miljoen euro in de aansluitingen op het gasnet van nieuwbouwwoningen. Maar als alle woningen in 2050 CO2-neutraal moeten zijn, worden deze investeringen niet meer terugverdiend.
De Stedin-meneer bedoelt misschien dat het nu tijd wordt om de netbeheertarieven te verhogen vanwege de versnelde afschrijving?
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Ammoniak!

Laten we eens onderzoeken of dit een geschikt spul is om onze overtollige zonne- en wind energie in op te slaan.

Verbranden kan netjes: 4NH3+3O2 > 6H2O + 2N2
Niks met koolstof, geen CO2 uitstoot!
Perfect om 's winters milieuvriendelijk onze huizen te verwarmen.

Ammoniak verbranden: www.npo.nl/invloed-van-een-katalysato...

Ook bruikbaar voor auto's.
sync.nl/ammoniak-als-schone-brandstof/
topsectorenergie.nl/studenten-onderzo...

Nuon gebruikt ammoniak als energiedrager:
www.duurzaamgeproduceerd.nl/circulair...

Plaatje: www.deingenieur.nl/uploads/media/56fa...
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Global steel industry must cut emissions 70% - CDP Study

New research reveals steel emissions have not fallen in a decade, prompting calls for a 'technological transformation' of the industry. According to new research published by CDP steel industry is dramatically lagging behind other sectors when it comes to emissions reduction efforts.

The steel industry is responsible for around 7% of all global emissions, and has made no progress on cutting emissions in the last decade, the research suggests. In order for the sector to fulfill its share of limiting warming to less than two degrees, CDP argues the steel industry must cut emissions by 70% per tonne by 2050 a feat it says can only be achieved through a "technological transformation" of the sector.

But according to the report, investment in R&D across the industry has actually fallen by 14% in recent years. Mr Drew Fryer senior analyst of investor research at CDP said that investment in emerging technologies such as carbon capture and storage is vital to secure the steel industry's future.

He further said that "The steel industry will have to play a huge part in achieving the 2-degree scenario laid out in the Paris Agreement," he said in a statement. "However, there has been no progress in reducing its emissions over the past decade. Steelmakers need to prioritise funding of a technology transformation to reduce emissions in order to ensure targets are met. In particular, progress has been too slow to realize the potential of CCS, with no pilot projects underway in the steel industry."

The need to decarbonise is made even more pressing by the commercial risk presented by widespread carbon pricing. By the end of 2017 more than 70 per cent of world steel production is expected to be covered by a carbon price, thanks to the impending launch of China's nationwide cap-and-trade system.

Without low-carbon innovation, carbon pricing looks set to hurt the economics of an industry already enduring low levels of profitability, the CDP report warned.

Some manufacturers are particularly vulnerable to stricter climate change legislation, CDP said, highlighting Tata Steel and US Steel as having some of the most carbon intensive assets on their books.

In contrast, South Korean firm POSCO and Hyundai Steel were judged to be among the best performing on climate issues, scoring well on emissions management, climate targets, water resilience and climate governance.

Source : Business Green
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Thermal coal plants in India, China key source of emission - Research

According to a new research report, the power sectors in India and China together are one of the most significant sources of emission on the planet due to a large number of thermal coal plants.

London-based Energy Transition Advisors said that while in China coal consumption appears to have peaked already, in both China and India coal demand will still exceed International Energy Agency carbon budgets for thermal coal before 2050.

It said that IEA carbon 'budgets' for their power sectors call for a near complete decarbonisation by 2050.

The report said that "While this can help with air pollution and water stress too, carbon capture and storage plays a key part in that budget."

It said that after a strong surge in 2015, the pipeline of all planned coal plants has fallen in India and China but the level remains "unrealistically high" relative to demand and the development of cleaner power sources.

The report said that in China in particular the current build out of coal plants under construction can cause an overshoot of the IEA thermal coal budget by 2020 on an annual basis and use up the whole of the budget available till 2050 by 2036.

It said that India's total budget will also be expended as early as 2036, even with no new power plants developed post those under construction now.

Today, there are 205GW of thermal power stations under construction in China and 65GW in India.

It added that "There is no doubt that both India and China have comprehensive policies to stimulate cleaner energy, but efficiency and further policy changes would be highly desirable to support these trends by constraining unneeded thermal coal and developing green financing markets."

According to the IEA's 2 degree Celsius budgets, India and China can emit 108Gt CO2 by 2050.

Source : PTI
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Emissions growth to slow in 2016 as China burns less coal

Chicago Tribune reported that global carbon emissions will expand more slowly this year as China's greenhouse-gas output declines. Emissions will increase 0.2 percent, a slower pace than the average 2.3 percent a year in the decade through 2013, according to the Global Carbon Project and the University of East Anglia in Norwich, England. Economic production will advance more than 3 percent, according to a report written by the United Nations and academic groups.

Professor Corinne Le Quere, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the UEA, said in an emailed statement "This third year of almost no growth in emissions is unprecedented at a time of strong economic growth. This is a great help for tackling climate change but it's not enough. Global emissions now need to decrease rapidly, not just stop growing."

UN envoys are meeting through this week in Marrakesh, Morocco, to thrash out rules of the Paris climate deal struck last year to limit emissions after 2020. Greenhouse gases are still rising to records as Donald Trump, the U.S. president-elect, threatens to scale back climate action in the world's richest nation and reduce U.N. funding.

The Paris agreement calls for 197 countries to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels and work toward net zero greenhouse gas emissions.

China, which has a 29 percent share of global emissions, will cut its carbon dioxide output by 0.5 percent this year versus 0.7 percent in 2015, according to the report. Emissions in India and the European Union are increasing.

In the U.S., the second-biggest polluter, emissions are expected to fall 1.7 percent, a slower pace than last year's 2.6 percent decline. The nation has also curbed use of coal, according to the report.

Source : Chicago Tribune
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Cement made from steel production by-product can lead to a huge CO2 reduction

Steel production generates some hundred million tons of steel slag worldwide each year. This giant mountain of leftovers is largely dumped. TU/e professor of building materials, Jos Brouwers, will be working with industrial partners to investigate whether he can make cement out of it. If he succeeds, more CO2 emissions can be cut than is produced yearly by all the traffic in the Netherlands.

Steel slag is produced by the conversion of raw iron into steel around 125 million tons of it per year. Much of that is dumped and only a small portion used, in embankments. That's a shame, professor Jos Brouwers said that because the mineralogical composition very closely resembles that of cement. It contains the same components, but in different ratios. And it is public knowledge that the cement industry emits a very high amount of CO2: five percent of the global total. A cement substitute with no extra CO2 emissions would, therefore, be most welcome.

But before this can happen, Mr Brouwers' team has to overcome a number of scientific and technical hurdles. First, the researchers will use the very latest methods to gain a good picture of the physical and chemical properties of the steel slag as well as take a detailed look at what different additives can bring in terms of cement-like qualities. They will then use this knowledge and computational models to design new types of cement and concrete, and test them out. Mr Brouwers explained that "It is important that it is possible to change the composition of the steel slag by adjusting the steel production processes. You can keep the quality of the steel consistent and still ensure that the properties of the steel slag are more favorable."

Mr Brouwers is hopeful that he will be able to succeed in making cement from steel slag that can replace 'normal cement'. While it may well require twice as much for the same result, this new cement will still be suitable for many common applications. It will make a difference of tens of millions of tons of CO2 emissions each year. For comparison, all the traffic and transport in the Netherlands produces emissions of around thirty million tons a year. Moreover, the new cement is also a money maker. Mr Brouwers added that "Steel companies now have to pay for their slag to be removed; it has a negative value. If we succeed, or only in part, it could mean tens of millions of euros in the Netherlands alone.”

Source : Phys.org
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Japanese utilities team on CO2-reducing tech for coal plants by at least 20pct

Nikkei reported that Kansai Electric Power and five other utilities will join hands to commercialize technology for burning ammonia with coal in power plants, a method that could reduce carbon dioxide emissions by at least 20%.

The group, which also includes Osaka Gas and Chubu Electric Power, will participate in government research on ammonia as an energy source. The goal is to generate power efficiently from a mixture of ammonia and coal, building on work done at Tohoku University and elsewhere. The project also seeks to limit nitrogen oxide emissions from ammonia to levels that can be handled with existing scrubber technology. Field testing is slated to begin this year, with the aim of bringing the technology to market in the early 2020s.

Adding ammonia to coal would reduce coal usage as well as carbon dioxide emissions, since ammonia -- which doesn't contain carbon -- does not release CO2 when burned.

Adopting this technology at aging plants would bring emissions in line with those of newer facilities, reducing the need for new investment. If 70 plants switch to a coal-ammonia mix, CO2 emissions would fall by an estimated 40 million tons a year, equivalent to about 3% of Japan's annual total.

Refitting older, CO2-spewing coal-fired plants with ammonia-burning technology would likely push up power generation costs by some 30% to roughly 7 yen (6 cents) per kilowatt-hour. This would still be cheaper than nuclear power, which costs about 10 yen per kilowatt-hour, and electricity from natural-gas-fired plants, which costs around 14 yen.

Coal accounts for about 30% of Japan's total power generation. With progress still slow on restarting idled nuclear reactors after 2011's earthquake and tsunami, the government views coal as a stable energy source.

Source : Nikkei
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Global power sector emissions to peak in 2026 - BNEF

Reuters reported that global emissions of greenhouse gases from the power sector are expected to peak in 2026, but will still be some way above levels needed to limit temperature rises in line with the Paris climate agreement. New Energy Finance said that overall, USD 10.2 trillion will be invested in new global power generation between 2017 and 2040, with renewable power sources such as wind and solar accounting for almost three quarters of that.

By 2040, global emissions are expected to be 4 percent below 2016's levels, but an additional USD 5.3 trillion investment in renewable power would be needed by 2040 to keep rising global temperatures below 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit).

Under the 2015 Paris deal, more than 190 countries pledged to curb greenhouse gas emissions to keep planet-warming well below 2 degrees to stave off the worst effects of climate change.

The report said that the costs of renewable power were expected to continue to fall, with the cost of solar tipped to fall by 66 percent by 2040. The cost of offshore wind power is forecast to fall by 71 percent by 2040, helped in part by increased competition and economies of scale from larger projects and bigger turbines.

US President Mr Donald Trump said that this month he would withdraw his country from the Paris Agreement, but the report said the move is unlikely to revive the US coal industry. Coal-fired power generation in the United States is expected to fall by 51 percent by 2040, with a 169 percent increase in renewable power helping to fill the void.

BNEF analyst Seb Henbest, the report's lead author, said that "The greening of the world's electricity system is unstoppable, thanks to rapidly falling costs for solar and wind power, and a growing role for batteries, including those in electric vehicles."

Source : Reuters
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Just 100 companies responsible for 71pct of global emissions - Study

The Guardian reported that just 100 companies have been the source of more than 70% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions since 1988. The Carbon Majors Report “pinpoints how a relatively small set of fossil fuel producers may hold the key to systemic change on carbon emissions,” says Pedro Faria, technical director at environmental non-profit CDP, which published the report in collaboration with the Climate Accountability Institute.

Traditionally, large scale greenhouse gas emissions data is collected at a national level but this report focuses on fossil fuel producers. Compiled from a database of publicly available emissions figures, it is intended as the first in a series of publications to highlight the role companies and their investors could play in tackling climate change.

The report said that more than half of global industrial emissions since 1988 – the year the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was established – can be traced to just 25 corporate and state-owned entities. The scale of historical emissions associated with these fossil fuel producers is large enough to have contributed significantly to climate change, according to the report.

ExxonMobil, Shell, BP and Chevron are identified as among the highest emitting investor-owned companies since 1988. If fossil fuels continue to be extracted at the same rate over the next 28 years as they were between 1988 and 2017, says the report, global average temperatures would be on course to rise by 4C by the end of the century. This is likely to have catastrophic consequences including substantial species extinction and global food scarcity risks.

While companies have a huge role to play in driving climate change, says Faria, the barrier is the “absolute tension” between short-term profitability and the urgent need to reduce emissions.

A Carbon Tracker study in 2015 found that fossil fuel companies risked wasting more than $2tn over the coming decade by pursuing coal, oil and gas projects that could be worthless in the face of international action on climate change and advances in renewables – in turn posing substantial threats to investor returns.

CDP said that its aims with the carbon majors project are both to improve transparency among fossil fuel producers and to help investors understand the emissions associated with their fossil fuel holdings.

According to the report, a fifth of global industrial greenhouse gas emissions are backed by public investment. “That puts a significant responsibility on those investors to engage with carbon majors and urge them to disclose climate risk,” says Faria.

Investors should move out of fossil fuels, says Michael Brune, executive director of US environmental organisation the Sierra Club. “Not only is it morally risky, it’s economically risky. The world is moving away from fossil fuels towards clean energy and is doing so at an accelerated pace. Those left holding investments in fossil fuel companies will find their investments becoming more and more risky over time.”

Brune said that There is a “growing wave of companies that are acting in the opposite manner to the companies in this report.” Nearly 100 companies including Apple, Facebook, Google and Ikea have committed to 100% renewable power under the RE100 initiative. Volvo recently announced that all its cars would be electric or hybrid from 2019.

And oil and gas companies are also embarking on green investments. Shell set up a renewables arm in 2015 with a $1.7bn investment attached and a spokesperson for Chevron says it’s “committed to managing its [greenhouse gas] emissions” and is investing in two of the world’s largest carbon dioxide injection projects to capture and store carbon. A BP spokesperson says its “determined to be part of the solution” for climate change and is “investing in renewables and low-carbon innovation.”

And ExxonMobil, which has faced heavy criticism for its environmental record, has been exploring carbon capture and storage. But for many the sums involved and pace of change are nowhere near enough. A research paper published last year by Paul Stevens, an academic at think tank Chatham House, said international oil companies were no longer fit for purpose and warned these multinationals that they faced a “nasty, brutish and short” end within the next 10 years if they did not completely change their business models.

Investors now have a choice, according to Charlie Kronick, senior programme advisor at Greenpeace UK. “The future of the oil industry has already been written: the choice is will its decline be managed, returning capital to shareholders to be reinvested in the genuine industries of the future, or will they hold on, hoping not be the last one standing when the music stops?”

Top 100 producers and their cumulative greenhouse gas emissions from 1988-2015

Zie PDF file

Source : The Guardian
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Hydro powered smelters charge premium prices for green aluminium

Reuters reported that producers of "green" aluminium made using renewable energy rather than fossil fuels are starting to charge premium prices thanks to rising demand from industrial customers under pressure to reduce their carbon footprints. Operators of smelters powered by hydro-electricity in the likes of Norway, Russia and Canada are promoting their environmental credentials and stealing a march on others that rely on coal or gas, notably in China and the Gulf.

The competitive edge lies not in the metal itself, but the fact that its production requires far lower total emissions of greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide.

While they do not use the term "green" aluminium, a number of producers are offering low-carbon guarantees on their metal, although they refuse to say how much more they charge for this beyond saying the premiums are relatively modest.

Those with access to large hydro-power capacity such as Norway's Norsk Hydro, US based Alcoa, Russia's Rusal and London-listed Rio Tinto believe the tide is turning in their favour.

Nearly 200 countries have agreed to set targets for limiting CO2 emissions under the Paris climate accord on curbing global warming, although President Donald Trump has decided to pull the United States out of the pact.

This is boosting demand for "green" aluminium particularly from the motor, electronics and packaging industries which need to produce lower carbon goods to satisfy regulators, investors and consumers.

The pressure to make low carbon metal is increasing from all sides, said Kathrine Fog, a senior vice president at Norsk Hydro. "We've seen this coming from the market, our customers, shareholders, financial markets, NGOs, you name it," she added. "That means in the end it will affect the bottom line."

Making aluminium from bauxite ore requires massive amounts of electricity, so a plant's energy source is the biggest contributor to its overall greenhouse gas emissions rather than the smelting process itself.

Making one tonne of aluminium at plants using power generated by burning coal, the main source for those in China and Australia, releases up to 18 tonnes of CO2 equivalent.

For gas-powered plants in the Middle East, the figure is between five and eight tonnes, but for those running on hydro-power it is lower still at only around two tonnes.

Aluminium can also be recycled with even lower emissions, although global demand is such that new metal will be required for years to come.

While the world is pushing for a lower carbon future, the aluminium industry overall is heading in the other direction.

In 2005, the amounts of hydro and coal power used to make aluminium were roughly the same at around 200,000 gigawatt hours each, according to the International Aluminium Institute (IAI). A decade later the hydro figure had changed little, whereas coal had leapt to around 450,000 GWh.

That was largely due to expansion in China, which now accounts for around 55 percent of global aluminium output. The country's plants rely on coal for 90 percent of their energy needs.

With gas use also rising due to new plants in the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar and Saudi Arabia, hydro's share of the mix slipped to 30 percent in 2015, according to IAI data. This compared with 59 percent for coal and nine percent for gas, with nuclear energy accounting for the remaining two percent.

But at the same time, companies including iPhone maker Apple and Toyota are working to reduce the carbon footprint of their products. A number of aluminium makers are therefore positioning themselves to benefit by offering metal with guaranteed low emissions.

Source : Reuters
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Energy firms back European Union plan for CO2 cap on power subsidies

Reuters reported that a group of energy firms has backed a disputed plan by EU regulators to attach emissions limits to subsidies for providing back-up power capacity to avert blackouts. The proposal by the European Commission, which would set a cap of 550 grams of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour for new power stations, ruling out less-efficient coal and gas-fired plants, has been fiercely contested by Poland and some other EU member states.

It is part of a draft reform of Europe's electricity market that calls for stricter rules on capacity mechanisms used in countries such as Britain and France to fund power generation that may not be cost-effective or as clean as renewable energy but is needed to guarantee supply during periods of peak demand.

In an open letter to the bloc's environment ministers on Tuesday, the proposal was backed by 22 signatories from energy majors, renewable energy groups and utilities including Eni , Shell, Siemens, Iberdrola , Statoil and Wintershall.

The letter said that "Our electricity bills should not support the operation of the most polluting power plants, given that cleaner and more flexible options are available. This would clearly contradict EU climate and energy policy objectives and would go against the best interest of European consumers."

The bloc's 28 environment and energy ministers are currently debating the reform for Europe's power grid after 2020 that aims to help meet its pledge under the Paris climate accord to cut emissions by at least 40 percent by 2030 from 1990 levels.

Source : Reuters
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